The answer is: The men of Gibeah

Judges 20:4-5

In the Book of Judges, particularly in the story of the Levite’s concubine, we are thrust into a grim and shocking account revealing the moral decline of Israel during the period of the judges. The specific act of violence against the concubine by the men of Gibeah provoked a wider conflict and served as a catalyst for the gathering of the Israelite tribes to confront such depravity.

This story isn't just about a brutal crime; it's a reflection of society gone awry, contrasting sharply with the covenant ideals of justice and community care. Interestingly, the phrase “No king in Israel” recurs throughout the Judges, highlighting a lack of centralized authority and moral direction during this chaotic period.

Let’s nerd out on a fun fact: In ancient Israelite society, hospitality was a critical virtue. The failure of the men of Gibeah to protect a guest, rather than murder him outright, reveals a severe break from societal expectations. So enthralled with protecting their own egos and desires, the men of the city underscored the tragic breakdown of the basic tenets of community values.

When the Levite cuts the narrative short to seek retribution after the loss of his concubine, it sends ripples throughout each of Israel's tribes leading to the larger escalation of violence. This tragic cycle emphasizes that violence invites vengeance, not just among family or friends but within the overarching society itself—a theme still echoed today in values of justice and peace.