The answer is: Annas

John 18:13 - Although in Matthew's gospel record it is said that he was led away to Caiaphas, John gives us a little extra information. Annas for whatever reason was still recognised as a high priest (see Luke 3:2)

The trial of Jesus is a pivotal moment in the New Testament, marking the events that lead to his crucifixion and subsequent resurrection. It's fascinating to note that Annas, despite no longer holding the official title, wielded significant influence during this tumultuous time. Annas had previously served as high priest and was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was the high priest at the time of Jesus' trial. This family connection shows just how intertwined leadership was among the Jewish authorities.

What’s really intriguing about Annas is that the Jews saw him as an important figure; he was like an elder statesman of the Temple establishment. Even after being ousted from his official position, he maintained a sort of shadow authority, commanding respect and bearing weight in the decision-making processes that affected Jerusalem.

In fact, believing in a nuanced duality—where traditions were both upheld and challenged by the likes of Jesus—can lead to rich insights into the socio-political dynamics of that day. This pattern has echoes throughout biblical texts, where tradition and change frequently collide, showcasing that engaging —or rebelling— against authority is often a theme that ripples through history.

With this historical context in mind, the encounter between Jesus and Annas provides a deeper understanding of the challenges Jesus faced, not only as a disruptive figure in religious teachings but as one challenging established power structures that were both rigid yet revered.