The answer is: Augustus

Luke 2:1 - originally named Caius Octavius Caepias, born in 63 BC, the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar.

It's fascinating to think about the context of Jesus’ birth amidst the political machinations of the Roman Empire. Augustus, originally named Gaius Octavius, became the first Roman emperor and ruled from 27 BC until AD 14. His great-uncle Julius Caesar adopted him, giving Augustus access to considerable power and paving the way for Rome's transformation into an empire after years of civil strife.

Censuses in the ancient world weren't just about counting people for a mere tally; they served as a method for taxation and determining military service—strapping citizens into obligations that could shape their lives, just as this decree compelled Joseph and Mary to journey to Bethlehem from Nazareth.

Here’s some intriguing trivia: Augustus was known for reforming much of Rome's structure, creating roads that bolstered trade and communication. It’s also noteworthy that the famous phrase “Pax Romana,” meaning "Roman Peace," signifies this period of relative stability and strong governance that allowed events like the birth of Jesus to be recorded and circulated widely.

Reference this backdrop to imbue the nativity story with deeper historical meaning—the ruler who came to symbolize order during chaos was pivotal to a birth that would ultimately inspire new beginnings for millions around the globe. Every moment in scripture rings with the chords of historical reality and divine promise!