The answer is: 2 and a half

Deut 3:12-13

In Deuteronomy, we see the intricate allocation of land as the Israelites prepare to enter the Promised Land. While many often focus on the territories west of the Jordan, it’s interesting to note that two-and-a-half tribes—Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh—settled east of the Jordan River. This area came with lush pastures, which made it quite attractive for their cattle.

What’s really compelling is the history behind these tribes' request. As recorded in Numbers 32, the leaders of Reuben and Gad approached Moses expressing their desire to establish their homes east of the river, as the land suited their agricultural lifestyle. However, this ask came with a caveat: these tribes promised to aid in the conquest of Canaan before taking possession of their inheritance—a move showing both strategic foresight and unity among the tribes.

Did you know that the decision of these tribes foreshadows broader themes in the Bible like compromise and the consequences of choices? Also, the diverse geography seen in this region hints at the various lifestyles and cultures that would shape Israelite society.

This land division speaks volumes about relationships within the nation and the importance of collective effort. So while we might hear primarily about the well-known tribes like Judah and Ephraim in discussions of lineage and legacy, Reuben and Gad remind us that every part of the nation—both geographically and historically—holds its unique significance.