The answer is: Elijah and Moses

Matthew 17:3

The Transfiguration of Jesus is a spectacular moment that not only boosts His divine credentials but connects Him profoundly to Jewish history. Appearing alongside Him, Elijah and Moses hold significant places in the Old Testament—Moses representing the Law and Elijah the Prophets.

Moses, a cornerstone figure, led the Israelites out of Egypt and delivered the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai, showcasing his role as a mediator between God and humanity. The mere mention of his name evokes a deep sense of tradition and covenant in the Jewish faith. He is often regarded as “the lawgiver,” positioning him as an ultimate symbol of God’s laws.

On the other hand, Elijah is known for many dramatic stunts, including a showdown with the prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18), frequently appearing as a caring prophetic voice who champions justice and fidelity to God. Elijah's ascension to heaven in a chariot of fire (2 Kings 2:11) adds a mysterious flair to his persona, further linking him with divine authority.

Fun fact: In Jewish tradition, there is still an expectation that Elijah will herald the coming Messiah. This sense of anticipation adds an intriguing connection to the Christian idea of Jesus’ Messiahship.

By arranging this divine summit on a mountain—often symbolizing a closer connection to God—Jesus elevates the spiritual conversation, inviting observers to appreciate the legacy He is fulfilling. The fierce loyalty of both Moses and Elijah signals an affirmation of Jesus’ mission on Earth, solidifying His identity as the fusing point of the law and prophetic voices from the past.