The answer is: Herod

Matt 2:16

Herod the Great makes quite the notorious cameo in the nativity story! Known for his ruthless ambition and many building projects, he was king over Judea and had a reputation that people feared. When he heard of the birth of Jesus, the prophesied King of the Jews, his reaction wasn’t one of joy — instead, it set off alarm bells.

Herod’s nervousness is emblematic of many historical rulers who feared losing their power. So, what does he do? He orders the Massacre of the Innocents, commanding that all male children under two years old in Bethlehem be slain. This gruesome act showcases not only his desperation to cling to power but also his willingness to commit atrocity to eliminate perceived threats.

There's a deep irony here. Not only did Herod's attempt to kill Jesus fail, but throughout history, many have viewed Him as the ultimate empathetic leader and savior, a figure whose teachings promote peace and love contrary to Herod’s tyranny. The echoes of Herod's oppression are heard even today when discussing the nature of leadership and power dynamics.

Interestingly, this event has typological echoes throughout the Hebrew Bible — think of Pharaoh's decree to kill Hebrew baby boys during Moses' time, which emphasizes the recurring theme of rulers attempting to extinguish divine destinies before they even begin. It deepens our appreciation of how such narratives continue to warn against the tyrants of the world.