The answer is: Horses, wives, money

Deut 17:16-17

In Deuteronomy 17:16-17, we see an intriguing glimpse into the ancient Israelite perspective on leadership. The text advises that a king should not accumulate excessive horses, wives, or wealth. You might wonder why these specific things were highlighted.

First, let’s talk about horses. In the ancient Near East, owning large numbers of horses was a symbol of power and military might. However, Moses implies that excessive reliance on military strength can lead a ruler away from trust in divine support. It echoes a phrase from later scriptures—"Some trust in chariots, and some in horses, but we trust in the name of the Lord our God" (Psalm 20:7).

Next up, wives. Having many wives was seen not just as a sign of wealth, but it also brought with it complications—think rivalries, shifting loyalties, and entangling alliances that can often distract a king from his divine duties. This familial web is vividly illustrated in stories of kings like Solomon, whose 700 wives and 300 concubines led him astray.

Finally, riches. Money, or rather the excessive accumulation of it, can corrupt the mind and the rules. Remember the serene advice from Proverbs, “Give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with the food that is needful for me.”

Rabbinical literature later explores these themes further, often reflecting on how a king’s heart should remain humble and community-focused—how refreshing, right? The overarching lesson reminds modern leaders to prioritize wisdom, humility, and trust over immensity and opulence!