The answer is: Horses, wives, money

Deut 17:16-17

Deuteronomy 17:16-17 provides us with some fascinating insights into the ideal conduct for a king in ancient Israel. The three things specifically mentioned—horses, wives, and wealth—each carry significant implications.

Let’s start with horses. In the context of ancient Israel, horses were not only a sign of military might but also a luxury. Kings often amassed large stables as symbols of power, but Deuteronomy warns against this accumulation. Instead, the focus is meant to be on trusting in divine protection rather than military strength. King Solomon eventually ignored this advice, famously amassing 12,000 horses!

Next is the caution against multiple wives. While kings often sought political alliances through marriage, this too might lead them astray from their primary devotion to God. Solomon again serves as a prime example; his many foreign wives brought with them various temples and practices, leading his heart away from Yahweh.

Finally, an abundance of wealth isn't overtly condemned but instead suggests a caution against excessive accumulation that could lead to pride or oppression. The heart of leadership should remain focused on justice and the well-being of the people rather than personal extravagance.

Interestingly, these directives come framed within the theme of humility and accountability. Each of these potential excesses could distract a king from his responsibilities, reminding us all that good leadership requires balance, integrity, and a faithful orientation towards the community’s needs.