The answer is: Horses, wives, money

Deut 17:16-17

In Deuteronomy 17:16-17, the specific limitations placed upon a king—such as refraining from amassing too many horses, wives, and wealth—aren’t there just to keep monarchs in check. They echo a deeper wisdom about the nature of power and responsibility. Let’s break this down!

First, take horses. In ancient times, they represented strength and military capability. The Israelite king, by relying too heavily on military power, risks becoming ensnared in pride and forgetting that true strength lies with the people and their faith. Kings were called to protect rather than oppress.

Next up, wives! This isn’t just a matter of living arrangements. Multiple marriages, often politically motivated, could lead to divided loyalties and conflicts, not to mention the strain on leadership caused by personal entanglements. Monogamy here symbolizes the importance of unity and harmony within the community.

Now, onto wealth. Excessive riches could result in selfishness, corruption, and a disconnection from the everyday struggles of the people. In ancient cultures, great wealth often drew envy and led to class divisions—roadblocks to national cohesion.

The organic linking of these controls subtly reminds readers of the ideal king portrayed in biblical prophecy: one who serves righteously and remains humble before God, rather than seeking personal gain. It’s a guide not just for rulers but for anyone aspiring to lead, emphasizing that balance, wisdom, and moral integrity are what strengthen a community.