The answer is: Mara

Ruth 1:20 - that is, "bitter". Compare this to the bitter waters of Marah in Exo 15:23.

In the Book of Ruth, Naomi returns to Bethlehem after years in Moab, heartbroken and grieving. Upon her arrival, she chooses the name "Mara," which means "bitter." This analogy is beautifully profound, marking a turning point in her life and evoking images from earlier biblical narratives. In Exodus 15:23, the Israelites encounter bitter waters at Marah, emphasizing themes of despair and the need for healing. Just like those Israelites, Naomi feels the weight of loss and disillusionment.

What makes Naomi's situation even more poignant is her journey — from pleasantness (her name means "pleasant") to bitterness. This transformation reflects human emotions in a tangible way, bringing to mind the struggles many face during times of distress. Also, consider how the attendant uncertainties reach across time and touch everyone today, inviting empathy for those navigating their own storms.

Here's an intriguing note: in ancient Israelite culture, names held tremendous significance. Unlike contemporary naming conventions, they were often descriptive, reflecting character traits or life circumstances. When Naomi instructs people to refer to her as “Mara,” she exclaims that her identity has changed utterly, showing the landscape of grief and loss in a very personal manner.

In a delightful twist, however, the conclusion of Ruth brings back joy—demonstrating that life, like seasons, can shift dramatically from despair to hope. The story embodies resilience and the promise of restoration, beautifully reminding us of the colorful tapestry of human experience woven throughout the scriptures.