Which two of Jacob's sons took revenge on Shechem?

In Genesis 34, the story of Shechem and Dinah unravels a complex web of culture, honor, and vengeance. Shechem, the son of Hamor, falls in love with Dinah, Jacob's daughter, and his troubled attempt to claim her ignites a fierce reaction from her brothers—Simeon and Levi. They take matters into their own hands, making a treacherous deal with Shechem and his father, convincing them to enter into the covenant of circumcision. While the men of the city are immobilized in pain post-surgery, Simeon and Levi carry out their revenge, attacking and beheading them.

What's fascinating here are the layers of family loyalty and the serious repercussions of this violent act. Jacob calmly rebukes his sons afterward, fearing the retaliation it might bring upon the family. Interestingly, this impulsive behavior underscores human emotion against indirect injustice. The fallout from this event ripples all the way through history, with Simeon and Levi receiving significant reproach, occasionally conveyed in blessings that highlight their violent tendencies.

Interestingly, in rabbinical traditions, Jacob's name change to Israel can be seen as a mark against violence and revenge, emphasizing the importance of peace. The chapters preceding this event deal with covenants and the sacredness of family relationships which Jonah Hammer sees as a correlation to the preservation of the household above all.

The episode reveals the intense loyalty of brotherhood, yet serves as a cautionary tale—hinting that vengeance often brings unforeseen consequences that can overshadow the intended justice. It's a compelling narrative, reminding us that the choices we make can send ripples far beyond our immediate circumstances.